401 — 当服务器因为客户端没有提供有效的身份验证凭据而拒绝访问时，就会发生未经授权的错误。简而言之，服务器在说：“在我让你进入之前，我需要知道你是谁。”
401 错误的常见原因：
- 缺少证书： 请求中未发送任何用户名或密码。
- 凭证无效： 提供的用户名、密码或令牌不正确。
- 会话已过期： 身份验证令牌或会话已超时。
- 限制访问： 该资源需要用户没有的权限。
它如何影响你
此错误阻止您访问所请求的资源或网页。如果您使用代理，则可能表明代理服务器的身份验证详细信息不正确或缺失。
401 — 未经授权的错误快速修复：
- 检查您的证书： 仔细检查您的用户名、密码或 API 令牌。
- 再次登录： 如果您的会话已过期，请登录以刷新您的访问权限。
- 更新代理服务器设置： 确保使用正确的凭据正确配置了代理服务器。
- 联系管理员： 如果您认为自己应该有访问权限，请联系我们寻求帮助。
如何避免 401 — 未经授权的错误：
- 请务必更新您的身份验证详细信息。
- 使用会话持久化或自动令牌刷新来实现无缝代理使用。
- 仔细检查代理配置设置，确保包含凭据。
了解 401 — 未经授权的错误有助于您快速查明身份验证问题并恢复访问权限，而无需不必要的停机。
如果你想了解有关代理错误的更多信息，请查看我们的文章 如何修复和解决常见的代理错误。
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Use Cases
Scraping an authenticated website
If you scrape an e-commerce site behind login, failing to forward session cookies through proxies will instantly trigger 401s.
API requests with rotating IPs
When your IP changes on every request, APIs may invalidate your token. This leads to a 401 unless you stabilize sessions with sticky proxies.
Multi-domain authentication flows
OAuth or SSO flows often set cookies on one domain and check them on another. With a proxy misconfigured for subdomains, the auth handshake breaks and 401s appear.
Best Practices
Use sticky sessions for authenticated scraping
When logged-in accounts are involved, use session-sticky residential proxies to keep cookies and tokens valid across requests.
Automate token refresh
If your scraping or API workflow involves OAuth, integrate automatic refresh before tokens expire, especially when requests span multiple proxy IPs.
Keep auth headers consistent across proxies
Whether rotating or load-balancing, ensure every outgoing request includes the correct Authorization header. Missing it just once will get you blocked.
Monitor 401 vs 403 patterns
A spike in 401s often signals an authentication misconfiguration in your proxy setup. A spike in 403s usually means the target blocked your account or IP range.
Conclusion
A 401 Unauthorized in proxy workflows means your authentication didn’t reach the target—whether due to expired tokens, stripped headers, or proxy misconfiguration. Fixes involve syncing proxy behavior with your authentication strategy (sticky sessions, forwarding cookies, refreshing tokens).
Frequently Asked Question
What does a 401 Unauthorized mean when using proxies?
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It means your credentials (token, cookie, or proxy login) didn’t authenticate you. The server received your request but doesn’t trust it.
Why do I get 401s only when using rotating proxies?
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Because authentication tokens or cookies are often bound to a single IP address. Rotating IPs breaks that binding unless you use session-sticky proxies.
How is 401 different from 403 in proxy use?
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401 = you’re unauthenticated or mis-authenticated. 403 = you’re authenticated but lack permission or got blocked.
Can proxy misconfiguration itself cause a 401?
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Yes. If you use the wrong username/password for the proxy service, or fail to allowlist your IP, the proxy server will immediately return a 401 before reaching the target site.
